HEAT CRAMPS

Overview
Heat cramps are involuntary muscle spasms

They are caused by deficiency of water and sodium

Heat cramps are painful, may be severe and prolonged

Heavy exercising in hot weather causes excessive sweating

This causes electrolyte deficiency resulting in muscle cramps

Muscles most affected are the voluntary muscles of-
a. Calves
b. Arms
c. Thighs
d. Back
e. Abdomen

Heat cramps are the least serious of all heat injuries

It is a warning sign for heat exhaustion

Risk factors

Negative sodium balance

Diuretic medications

Absence of acclimatization / adaptation

Causes

Heat

Dehydration

Excessive sweating

Loss of body salts

Muscle stress

Poor body condition

Symptoms

Some of the most common symptoms are:

Dizzy feeling

Fainting

Exhaustion

Nausea

Vomiting

Rapid heartbeat

Hot/sweaty skin

Treatment

Rest briefly and cool down

Manual pressure / massage must be applied to the affected muscle

Drink one quart of water with one teaspoon of salt

Drink some clear juice / electrolyte-containing sports drink

Practice gentle stretching exercise of the affected muscle

Seek medical help if the cramps remain after 1 hour

Prognosis

Heat cramps usually improves with

An electrolyte drink

Cool shade

Rest

Prevention

Adequate fluids must be taken periodically

Fluids must be taken before feeling thirsty

Avoid heavy sweaty exercises in humid conditions

Make sure to drink fluids while exercising


source:Medindia.net